A Midsummer Nights Dream Research Paper Example

A Midsummer Nights Dream Research Paper Example A Midsummer Nights Dream Paper A Midsummer Nights Dream Paper Essay Topic: Literature This passage from A Midsummer Nights Dream occurs near the resolution of the play, when unions between lovers are being strengthened and the different worlds of the play are in the process of becoming reconciled. To facilitate the typical harmonious denouement of a Shakespearian comedy, the diverse subplots and imaginative worlds that exist within the drama must come together, resulting in a comedic closure in which harmony reigns. The appearance of two different sets of characters that belong to the development of two different subplots in this extract illustrates Shakespeares wider practice in the comedy: that of orchestrating numerous subplots, which all terminate at the conclusion of the play with marriage, celebration and harmony. The plot strands featured in this passage the love battles between Lysander and Hermia, and Demetrius and Helena; and the preparations by the group of mechanicals, led by Nick Bottom, to stage a play, constitute only two of the four subplots to be found in A Midsummer Nights Dream. The story that provides the context and impetus for much of the action in the play is the impending marriage of Theseus of Athens to Hippolyta, Queen of the Amazons, and later its celebration. Theseus and his court in ancient Greece provide the frame for the play, and Theseus stands in judgement of the affairs of the exponents of the courtly world. It is he who establishes the tone of the play at the outset: Now, fair Hippolyta, our nuptial hour / Draws on apace. Four happy days bring in / Another moon (I. i. -3), and also he who summarises the trend for order at the end: Lovers, to bed; tis almost fairy time / A fortnight hold we this solemnity / In nightly revels and new jollity (V. i. 357-363). A fourth subplot centres on the fairy kingdom, and particularly the quarrel between Oberon and Titania. The magical aspects involved in the plots of the aristocrats and the mechanicals derive from this source, and the mythical and altogether unreal dimension of this realm allows Shakespeare to weave together different plots into a coherent whole without having to give it the semblance of reality. It is the sudden absence of this illusory world in the lives of both the aristocrats and of Bottom that provides the subject for the passage in the fourth act, as both groups ponder whether it has all been a dream: It seems to me / That yet we sleep, we dream. (IV. i. 192-3) A Midsummer Nights Dream weaves together three diverse worlds to create one consistent but essentially timeless universe. The two young sets of lovers are representative of the aristocratic court of ancient Athens, and as such are subject to the rules and conventions by which the court is governed. The rustic population of the Elizabethan English countryside is presented through the depiction of the mechanicals, of which Bottom is the most prominent character. These two diverse groups, with lifestyles, language and habits that differ wildly, find themselves subject to the same puissant force of fairyland and its representatives. This is a realm rooted in neither ancient Greece nor the Elizabethan era; it transcends the bounds of time. Oberon and Titania, who preside over this unworldly realm, are the parents and original of the spring, the summer, / The childing autumn, angry winter,(act II, scene I, lines 111-2); they also exercise complete control over the human mortals (II. i. 101). Thus two polarised social classes are united in this passage, as in the whole of A Midsummer Nights Dream, by the operations of the enchanted fairyland and its inhabitants. The passage Shakespeares comedy juxtaposes these representatives of such diverse social classes. The young aristocrats belong to a socially produced world of the court, over which Theseus presides as the paragon of order. In the lines preceding the selected passage, Theseus not only seeks to impose order, in the form of the social institution of marriage, upon the natural chaos of love outside the constraints of the court: For in the temple by and by with us / These couples shall eternally be knit (IV. i. 79-180); but he also dismisses the unworldly fairy kingdom in favour of the safe, explicable domain of the court: he did bid us follow to the temple. (IV. i. 195). Bottom, however, is subject to no such codes of conduct he is a rustic character who follows only his basic instincts. He is a weaver and a member of a class of tradesmen and manual labourers Hard-handed men that work in Athens here, / Which never laboured in their minds (V. I. 72), and as his name suggests, he occupie s a low social status. The juxtaposing of the different groups of characters in the passage from A Midsummer Nights Dream accentuates the chasm between the cultures of different social groups, and heightens the comedy of Bottoms responses when contrasted with the sophisticated language of the aristocrats to the same mystical circumstances. As would be expected, the status of each character in society determines his mode of speech. Bottom, as a low-status character, speaks in prose, a form usually reserved by the playwright for those of a low social standing. Throughout A Midsummer Nights Dream, Bottom, along with his fellow mechanicals, has been established as a clown-like figure of fun. The incident with the ass head, for example, indicates that Bottom is a comically absurd character, with little intellect: If I had enough wit to get out of this wood, I have enough to serve mine own turn, (III. i. 141-3). His frequent use of nonsensical banter: I pray you commend me to Mistress Squash, your mother, and to Master Peascod, your father (III. i. 178-9), ensures that he is portrayed as something of an idiot. It therefore comes as no surprise to the audience that his discourse, in which he seeks to make sense of the magical experience from which he has supposedly awoken, is muddled, confused and unfocused. The irrelevant references to the pageant due to be staged by the mechanicals: When my cue comes, call me, and I will answer. My next is most fair Pyramus. (IV. i) contrast to the composed, albeit slightly confused, responses of the young lovers, and compound Bottoms status as an unintelligent fool. Because he is uneducated Bottom tries, but fails, to articulate his feelings: Methought I was there is no man can tell what. Methought I was, and methought I had but man is but a patched fool if he will offer to say what methought I had. (IV. i. ). The only means by which he can gain full expression is through the inept and unprofessional staging of the labourers play (incidentally, a play that sits in sharp contrast to the well-written performance that the audience are now watching): I will get Peter Quince to write a ballad of this dream. It shall be called Bottoms Dream, because it hath no bottom, and I will sing it in the latter end of a play, before the Duke. (IV. i. ). In contrast, the verse of the young lovers is eloquent and flowing, with an imaginative expression which is entirely fitting for their social status. Demetrius words are poetic and laden with rich imagery: Like far off mountains turned into clouds (IV. i. 186-7), and the lines spoken by Helena, although referring to her emotional situation, allude to her material circumstances: I have found Demetrius like a jewel, / Mine own and not mine own. (IV. i. 191-1). Yet because the characters who speak these lines are less well-developed than Bottom, who is the most substantial persona in the play, the audience engages less with them than with Bottoms colloquial, endearing and accessible modes of expression. Lysander and Demetrius are little more than types with little complex characterisation; Helena and Hermia are more substantial characters, and Hermia in particular is possessed of some drive and energy: How low am I, thou painted maypole? Speak, How low am I? I am not yet so low But that my nails can reach unto thine eyes. III. ii. 297-9); but it is Bottom who wins the audiences favour because he is such a well-rounded character, and not limited to a mere embodiment of a particular theory or moral standpoint as Theseus is. He is a tangible person, made up of base and earthly instincts possessed by all mankind, and has the humour, albeit often unintended, to make the audience identify with him. Furthermore, he is privileged by his unique insight into the fairytale world inhabited by Titania and her fairies the only human in the play to be granted such an insight. The contrasts between these species of character their difference in language, the varying depths of characterisation and the general class divide make for a passage which is arresting in its dramatic presentation. When the fairy realm which has sustained both groups of characters for several acts is suddenly withdrawn, those who were once in its power are left confused and unsettled. Their experiences of the unworldly are compared to, indeed presumed to be, a dream: I have had a most rare vision. I have had a dream past the wit of man to say what dream it was. (IV. i. ). Shakespeare, through the enunciation of his characters, draws a subtle parallel between the evanescence of dreams, and that of love, which is a prominent theme of A Midsummer Nights Dream. The aristocrats voice an awareness of the inconstancy of love it is frail, temperamental and fickle: I wot not by what power- But by some power it is my love to Hermia, Melted as the snow, (MND, VI. i. 163-5). The already unst able force of love is even more vulnerable to change in the fairy kingdom, where there are few guides to behaviour. Away from the court, relationships are subject to mood or fancy rather than to any notions of proper behaviour: Tarry, rash wanton (II. i. 63), and so the fairy realm is not conducive to the settled human institution of marriage. Thus Theseus orders the removal of the couples to Athens, where order can once again reign over the disordered experience of love. The advantages of residing in the social world are made patent by setting exponents of this social world within an undomesticated and irresponsible fairy realm. In the comedic tradition, the stability that social institutions deliver is glorified. At the end of A Midsummer Nights Dream, all parties are seen to benefit from the institution of marriage; even the fairy king and queen, whose quarrel has lasted the entire length of the play, are reconciled at the end in a heterosexual harmony: Now thou and I are new in amity, (IV. I. 86). The conclusion of the play asserts mans concord with the world, and the neat union of different worlds: While these visions did appear; And this weak and idle theme, No more yielding but a dream A Midsummer Nights Dream challenges the audiences sense of imagination and perception by placing the intellectual and worldly realism of the court next to the mystical qualities of a fairy tale. It raises and explores the issues of love, reason, class, the place of art and the wisdom of social institutions, but ultimately Shakespeare leaves it to the audience to form their own judgements on these matters. The play carries a deep significance to man, as we are made to examine our own notions of truth and reality, notions that underpin all human interaction: The poets eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven, And as imagination bodies forth The forms of things unknown, the poets pen Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. (V. i. 12-17).

Samsung Color Tv Essays

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Diversity training program Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Assignment #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Night by Elie Weisel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Night by Elie Weisel - Essay Example The story opens up to the feelings of Eliezer, his faith in God, and how his relationship particularly changed with his father throughout the novel. As Eliezer goes on to suffer some of the worst scenarios of the holocaust, he develops a strange relationship with his father. The only perception of his father is what he narrates himself, thus the readers do not know what the father thinks or feels. Throughout the novel, it is evident that his father, Shlomo, remains a constant factor that is with him at all times. His father is an old, emotional man, who loved Eliezer and is totally dependent on him for support. As the story begins, Eliezer starts to suffer at the hands of the Nazis, and that slowly gets him to lose his faith in God. He and his father survive the severe conditions together and he helps his old father as much as he can. Even though the cruelties have led Eliezer to lose faith in God and trust in all the people around him, he manages to maintain the bond of love that he has for his father. He thinks of his father and cares for him as he says â€Å"I was thinking of my father. He must have suffered more than I did† (Wiesel 56). Even though he sees many people in his camp that beat their fathers and abuses them out of frustration, he controls his fears and lets the father-son relationship be the factor that keeps him struggling. He also prays to the Lord to give him strength to never do what other children have done to their fathers. However, there is a time in the story when Eliezer explains his experience with some worse conditions. He faces intense situations which breaks him to pieces and takes away all the love, care, patience, and faith from his heart. In fact, there are many moments in the story when Eliezer describes his numb feeling towards his father and then how he tries to wash it away. At one occasion he says â€Å"I stood petrified. What

Zaha Hadid Is The Future Architecture Cultural Studies Essay

Zaha Hadid Is The Future Architecture Cultural Studies Essay Currently there are a lot of new buildings that have strong futuristic appearance and inspiring features, represent tomorrows skyline. The rapid development of technology like hybrid cars, slim size computers and advance communication gadgets has certainly shown us new heights of transformation. The influenced of architecture has come to its light. Imaginary arts and craft based on fictional space movies and illustrations have come a long way to introduced and to be recognized for its rare platonic solids and geometry constructions. The society is getting more positive and acceptance with the growth of new technology and high development futures. The world is evolving to a new era and by tomorrow there will be more of these buildings appearing as part of the city infrastructure. The architect Zaha Hadid or Dame Zaha Mohammad Hadid who is well known for her intense de-constructivist designs and neo-modernist designs in the architecture industry. Her designs are similar to Sci-Fi movies that create forms of morph, shape change geometries and breaking the rules of space. She emphasized her work based upon the concept of de-constructivist designs on a prism shape that in-cooperates between interior and exterior influences. The overall form is based on cutting away or reshaping the surface to look like a deform prism or crystal debris. It is therefore resurrecting a historical element that had become largely absent from the square. This is how she would choose her earlier designs to look like. The rapid developments from big cities in England, America and China may have some strong appraisal for Zaha Hadids creations and attracted many to her concepts of a new city infrastructure should have and in-cooperated for the future. Previously, huge events like the Beijings Olympics and the Shanghai Expo has proven her design is necessary for a new horizon. Her works is the result of that imagination, her structures can be empathized only as a fragment of a new continuous pattern and that is finally getting paid worthy of her effort. She had introduced some alternatives and new concepts in architecture to the world and may be accepted by many who like her works but there are some may find it rather less institutional, lavishly expensive to the cost and the commissions she is getting. She only interested in the onetime wow factor as a signature creation than thinking about the effectiveness and the long run purpose of the building. Her critics mentioned her work as a design blunder for the London Aquatic Center and her success with the Cardiff Bay Opera House competition was unpleasantly re-evaluated immediately after an outrage to the idea of building it. She may be a good designer with sense of creativity for a specific culture but this culture is limited to certain things. Her works were compared with Michael Hopkins Velodrome versus the London Aquatics Centre that has drawn some attention about her design flaws. The Velodrome was developed through a near hostile approach; it synchronized slowly with the peoples input by various members in a multi level integrated design team which combined the inputs of others. Perhaps though a point where the despite disparities of architecture developments and lack of fairness for those may have some differences. Thus without claiming the full universality in design culture, I am inclined to see patterns that insist on comparison, and hence on explorations of the linkages between futuristic designs, society experience and normative mores across boundaries between their struggles and success. At least in the early modernity of this new architecture era, the connections seem to me compelling. (History) Here is a little history about her background as she would mature and be one of the many architects in the deconstructivist movement. Architect Zaha Hadid is not only the first female and a foreign Muslim woman, and also a winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize which is equivalent the Nobel Prize in architecture, an award can only takes a life time to archive for architects. She ranked 69th in the Forbes magazine and enlisted as one of The worlds 100 most powerful women. After winning the Pritzker prize she still has a lot to struggle with her own hands when it comes to some projects.   In her last 15 years, there has been some tremendous change and now it seems as normal to have women in this profession but still very difficult for women to operate in this profession because there are some worlds are limited for them to access.  She experienced resistance but she kept on her own path, her direction and her focus on her long run ambition as an architect. Zaha Hadid from Baghdad, born in the year 1950, she grew together in a very peaceful and developing Iraq, not from the one we known of today. The Iraq of her childhood days was a wonderful place, western-oriented country with a growing economy that flourished until the year 1963, Baath politics took over the government and her father was a wealthy politician, economist and industrialist and at that time, a co-founder for the National Democratic Party of Iraq. Her father taught her cultures of the world while always reminding the significance of her traditions and her heritage. He used and learned this through at the London School of Economics and joined forces with the resistant party against foreign occupation. His political views on the industrialization economy of Iraq, property issues and the nationalization of the countrys oil have influenced her thoughts of the world. Her childhood experiences brought her to belief in open communication between people, but also a conviction in Iraqis freedom. She was proud of her fathers achievements and there is no reason why she would not be equally ambitious just like her father. In the past, female role models were plenty in Iraq, but in architecture, in the Middle East, there were none in the 1950s to the 1960s. She was educated in Baghdad in a school run by French Roman Catholics, and continued part of her secondary education years in Switzerland and The Great Britain. During her elementary education, she mixed with different cultures. She attended a nun school with Christian, Jewish, and Islamic girls but this is the first indication of a cultural exchange for her. She felt separated from her traditions because of her Christianity education. She never had proper religious schooling as a Muslim. Education in Arab countries, Islam or Arab culture is the same, it is only a cultural differences. Zaha Hadid became interested in architecture at the age of eleven, although she would pursue her other academic education. A family friend was working on a housing project for her relatives and would bring models to show her. Her parents thought she would like to see more arts and craft by taking her to architecture exhibitions in her childhood days. The mixed between Arab and Western influences, she developed her personal interest towards architecture. She returned to the Middle East to continue her education at the American University in Beirut from 1968 to 1971 and studied related subjects of physics, modern mathematics, math, and philosophy, shortly before she studied architecture. She returned back to Britain and in 1977 she then received a diploma from the Architectural Association (AA) in London. The Architectural Association (AA) in London in the 70s was a good environment for young, ambitious and independent architects. This particular area becomes a very solid foundation for architects to grow and to achieve their success; this is where famous architects got their education and the place in which her academic refinement began developing from 1972 and to the next 5 years. During her years at AA she had more time to expand her ideas and creating her own architectural methods. People like Bernard Tschumi and Daniel Libeskind are big names of todays award winning architect designers. While there, she studied with Rem Koolhaas, Elia Zenghelis, Daniel Libe-skind, and Bernard Tschumi and among others. In the early 1968, optimistic modernism was abandoned and was caused by the economic uncertainty and cultural issues. The architecture industry was affected too. Rem Koolhaas founded OMA in 1975 together with others, like Elia Zenghelis, Zoe Zenghelis and (Koolhaass wife) Madelon Vriesendorp in London. After that, Koolhaas recruited his student as a partner was Zaha Hadid who would eventually achieved her own success later in life. Koolhaas offered her a job working with them in his new firm, the Office for Metropolitan Architecture or OMA. But she didnt last very long working for them. The relation Zaha Hadid with OMA was more of a fundamental level than working as a team with them. There was almost a kind of no dialogue basis between them. They did support her when she needed guidance. Koolhaas did serve as a mentor and a friend. As her former tutor, he could appreciate her style of work and the thoughts she had when she was still in AA. She obviously respects his opinions, comments and values his friendship when she was still his student. Koolhaas reviewed her as a planet orbiting in her own way. She had her thoughts about architecture and waiting for the right time to ripe. This relationship soon became too restrictive for her, although she and Koolhaas remained close friends. Soon after that, she taught at AA and until 1987 she led her own studio. She started teaching while developing her own visions of neo-modernist architecture, which referred back to modernisms times in the constructivism and suprematism from the early 20th century of architecture. Her final graduation hotel project at Londons Hungerford Bridge was motivated by Malevichs Tectonik. Written in the year 1928 after the suprematist, Kasimir Malevich wrote we only recognized space when we are separated from the ground, to a state of mind, where there is no more constraints to retain. her works were inspired by these words and from then onwards her creations become landscapes which metaphorically transformed her way of thinking design, literally this would be todays reality. She formed and founded Zaha Hadid Architects ZHA in 1980. She has gone to produce internationally acclaimed award winning designs for structure buildings and interiors around the world. Zaha Hadid was hired to teach in a number of institutions. The year 1994 she was teaching in 3 different institutions in the United States: the Kenzo Tange Chair at Harvard Universitys School of Design, University of Illinoiss School of Architecture, the Sullivan Chair, and the Master Studio at Columbia University. Since then, the prominent University for Applied Arts has appointed her as professor in Vienna, Austria in the year 2001. (Theoritical) Zaha Hadid obsession with shadows and light rooted from the Islam architecture, while its flows openly, charging forward like an ocean bed and crash to impact, deforming a metaphor tsunami, together with an unbalance of modern urban landscapes. All of this would have been impossible without the support through computer technology, architects given the endless possibility creating any shapes they want to have. Such extreme rhythm of shapes required significant investment and time, financially and engineering capabilities. Her style has been described as todays De-constructivist and Neo-modernist. In the Britains Design Museum discussed her work referring to baroque modernism. Like Francesco Borrominis Baroque classicists demolished ideas of Renaissance, using a single perception that desire for an unstable nature. Zaha Hadid against both the classically rules, modernism references from Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and the rules of architecture space. She would reconstruct the idea to what she said as a new fluid, kind of spatiality of design of multiple perspective points and fragmented mesh geometries, designed to attach the chaotic forms of modern living quarters. Perhaps her style was partially inspired by her tutors work, when Zaha Hadid graduated in 1977, Rem Koolhaas offered her a job but she didnt last long. If she got attracted to any of the tutors in her past, it was Rem Koolhaas, he was writing his books for the 1977s Delirious New York and working his neo-modernity ideas. This has set Rem Koolhaass career and he described the a desire for a change in city living: The environment is an obsessive high-tech city which is inescapable in his book. He explained the city was a group of red hot spots. He acknowledged that this method had already been proven in the Japanese Metabolist Movement from the 1960s to the 1970s. (Contextual / Asia Design Movement) The scheme for The Peak in Hong Kong 1983 marked a shift in her ability to sense certainties from her past, the resistance between the complexity of order and chaos. Her passion remains in her work, creating abstract architectures. Her works were recognized and accepted in Asia, this all started from her first encounter of a project that signaled her breakthrough in the year 1983. The Hong Kong competition project was The Peak, a sports club and she won first place for the competition entry in The Peak project. Her contest scheme was discarded by some technical reasons, but a late judge pulled it back from the disqualified submissions. The scheme was to feature a sports center with multiple floors; however it was never build because the developer went bankrupted after the incident. The building from Weil-am-Rhein in Germany, or known as the The Vitra fire station completed in the year 1993 was Zaha Hadids first project, which later converted in to a museum. In the year 2002, she designed the Hoenheim-North Terminus and Car Park at Strasbourg, France and the Bergisel Ski Jump overlooking Innsbruck in Austria. Since then, in the 2003 she was getting closer to worldwide recognition. The Expo 2010 in Shanghai China was a major World Expo in the convention of international fairs and expositions, the first since 1992. The theme for the trade fair Better City   Better Life an indication to the world, the coming of next great world city, will eventually influence the 21st century. It had the largest number of countries participating and was the priciest in record for worlds Expo trade events. In the year 2002, China will host the World Expo events and their given assignment is to rearrange Shanghai city. The Germany pavilion is one of the popular European pavilions in the expo. The theme, entitled Balancity contributes the devotion from the word, balance. The outlook of the structure is more of an asymmetrical balance, maintaining the heavy giant roof and the awkward arrangements that seem almost impossible to build. The architect Lennart Wiechell from Schmidhuber +Kaindl Gmbh Germany was the designer for this project. At first glance, every angle of the building is different, like shattered geometries stacked together in one structure. The building seems to have an awkward position of gravity; the top is heavier than the bottom, observing in different parts of the building, the whole structure given the impression of an unstable nature. As a cluster of geometries hold each other perfectly and expressing the name balancity through architecture. The building had similar resemblance of Zaha Hadids work which refers to deconstructivist appeal and defying the rules of gravity with bizarre geometries. Architects from all around the world like Zaha Hadid had set foot in to Chinas development projects and winning architectural success. Case Study (1) (Public Critic) One of her worst un-built projects that she had during the year1996 when she won the design for Cardiff Bay Opera House which was discard, it was assumed as a crucial component for the Cardiff Bay redevelopment projects in the1990s. The development was thought to be a new opera house in Cardiff but in turn out The Wales Millennium Centre was built, replacing the original plan and in the year 2004, it was completed. The Cardiff Bay Opera House Trust established an international design competition to decide on the architect project. The competition would be finalized in two rounds. In round one, the competition started with 268 international competitors and Zaha Hadid won the first round. Her avant-garde design for the main theatre was covered by a radical design glass structure. Nevertheless, her work and design was interesting enough and unique that the Cardiff Bay Opera Houses Trust, Lord Crickhowell as the chairman, requested Zaha Hadid to re-submit her work again, together with Norman Foster and Partners and Manfredi Nicoletti, who were asked to re-submit their work and revised for amendments, in round two, she won again in the second round competition. The conclusion to refuse the bid was announced on 22nd of December 1995, the lottery money is to fund the project by the Millennium Commission. The Royal Opera House in London was backup by the Millennium Commission has affected the bid to turn sour, which was seen exclusively for that. The development did not gain sufficient supports from South Glamorgan County Council or possibly the media affected Cardiff City Councils decision. The Millennium Commission and the UK National Lottery which supposedly to provide funds for the development, decline to support for the project as it measured to be a financially issue. This was not relieved by the successful submission funding for the Millennium Stadium. In due course, the project collapsed and was rumored about the provincialism and the conservatism had damaged the outcome in associate to the modern architecture and partly because the Millennium Stadium was supported by the Cardiff Council. In the event of the news conference, Virginia Bottomley, Secretary of State for National Heritage announced that the project was imperfect by some questionable issues related to its financial and development troubles that would caused reservations for the project and the building. Lord Crickhowell interrupted the news conference to condemn the refusal. He said the result was dreadful and making no sense at all, If this project was from London it would have gathered enough supports. The important projects from London will allow this to go on; however we cant get hold of this sort of effectiveness. The developers of the competition made a standpoint towards to those who they consider unconventional has affected and scared Zaha Hadids career. After she won the 1994 competition entry for the Cardiff Bay Opera House was taken off and re-evaluated, resentment at the idea of building it. They sustain creativity output up to a certain limit of production and then the project will be eliminated because the development did not win enough supports financially from the Millennium Commission, the UK National Lottery, the organization which distributes funds to the project. The Cardiff Bay Development Corporation presented the plan was to construct a long term residency for the Welsh National Opera on a location near the Inner Harbor at Cardiff Bay. The design was nicknamed the Crystal Necklace by media, considering the estimation price of this building was far fetching from their expectation. The theater was valued at  £86 million quoted by Zaha Hadid at the time and it was a tragic moment for the people of Wales and a victory for petty-mindedness. The Sun newspaper published a hate campaign and First Secretary of the Welsh Assembly Rhodri Morgan mocked the design project was disrespectful version to the Kabah in Mecca, believing that a punishment from god would fall upon Cardiff. The Cardiff Bay Opera House was neglected from the project organizer; Millennium Commission after a heated argument opposed from the local campaigner, particularly Cardiff politicians worried of such radical architecture was being forced on to Welsh city by Londons decision. The authorities were knee in the conservative political traditions and the architectural culture had emerged since the 1970s. The acceptance has come slowly for her. After the competition for the opera house for Cardiff Bay in Wales in the year 1994, her post modernism design was put down by the locals and those who criticized her work and in the end; her request to build the stadium was rejected. As the replacement for this project, the Wales Millennium Centre was built, which included a wider range of artistic offerings, keeping with the Welsh heritage and the opera traditions. The Centre opened in November 2004, on location originally planned for the Opera House. The popular design movement was slowly becoming more daring, but her ideas were far beyond their kind. It was an unexcited moment, for several years which set her back in her office, but one thing she learnt from the competition, the politics that involves her. Later, she became more philosophical, seeing it as a turning point in her career. She slowly learnt to have faith and walk again. After she won the Pritzker Prize that followed with her wild competitive attitude towards her avant-garde aesthetic nature has softened. She responded much of her current behaviors in to two undecided conclusions, living in anger over her failed Cardiff project or strained herself to insomnia. Of course it was unpleasant, she said, she mentioned her lost was an important experience after Cardiff Bay. The year 1999 was like the dark ages for her. She did not stop working and continued producing some of my best work. She said defying the rules in that early period changed the way people identify architecture. She got upset that she wasnt able to achieve her breakthrough success along with Cardiff Bay. She described her experience was traumatic and It became a cause celebrity. Everyone was getting on to something, which was never allowed outsiders to win projects that were unknown and not part of their union. They did not accept the truth I was only a woman and to consider the winner was a foreigner as well. I do not have a label or a typecast being stereotype, as a woman they would let you get off, but others will never escape that, she said. She trusted her status being a foreigner, a non- British national and working as a female architect in London, has everything to do with good fortune. In contrast, you are not their type, not a male, not a European origin, there are certain priorities that regardless for all the things you can do for them, you are still forbidden to enter. Im not close to be a member of their brotherhood. I will never be golfing with men or riding on a boat trip with them, it will not occur in any time, She complained. In America, its different, the co-existence between men and women are professionally equal and justifiedbut not so much in Britains culture. We were shamed by them who remembered the problem but they dont seem to know what happened. She mentioned the aftermath of Cardiff would have finalized her decision to resign. There isnt any purpose for me to go on like this, but I had no choice, she said. She made an awakening resolution in 1996, I made a choice, I will not let them escape with this, and I will survive. She and her 20 staff members in the office knew there was no work, distracted and yet they carried on. After several years, she felt herself and her team mates were slightly more relaxed and now driven more by trouble-free wishes to create better things. She said that she could have done things better in general. I have ideas and plenty of it and certainly, just like all things, you need to amend them first, but being an architect you only wish to accomplish better projects and spaces. Case Study (2) (Public Debate) An exhibition held at the Galerie of Gmurzynska at Zurich, a debate entitled Zaha Hadid and Suprematism. The 1920s Soviet avant-garde, as her style and method, displayed works from Kasimir Malevich and others. Zaha Hadids partner and assistant, architect Patrik Schumacher, he is also a theorist, presented his talk, A Glimpse Back into the Future. Patrik Schumacher, Zaha Hadids architectural partner (ZHA) he is also an abstract speaker for 16 years and a content writer, producing theoretical texts to go alongside in every museum and opera house. He disagreed by the next century of art and architecture will be so popular up to this frustrated decade that nothing has been done; it wasnt planned by the Soviet avant-garde, the time, the amount and value of that creative work of art, knowledge and creation was truly amazing. It was only one blink of an eye and it took 50 years spreading it to the world. He stressed the respect for this abstraction, referring to the extreme of non-referable concepts, Non-Objective World of Kasimir Malevich and Suprematist painters and architects that followed him, creating space where earthly rules were challenged.Malevich was a founder for abstraction and the first who found abstract art with architecture applying his shaping tectonics. It is exciting, however, to observe these tectonic sculptures, which were visualized as a form of a prototype architecture, where geometries being restricted like his composition paintings, too cubic and almost mathematical, leaping into this independence of oblivion. There is one person, who will never follow accordingly to the same direction. Since the early Russian avant-garde Zaha Hadid was inspired and took the first inspiration, absorbed with the works of Kasimir Malevich, reflecting this insight in to her first major project. The Project Malevichs Tektonik was a proposal for Suprematist style in replacement for Londons Hungerford Bridge The Russian avant-garde could not be completely combined with architecture, not without people like Zaha Hadid building it, into a completely non-objective space, Even now Malevich persisted to free the last ruins from this spatial of reality. From a different point of view, These projects, Schumacher wrote, in their entire radical experiments hidden a social message and a political agenda. But the social experiment from the Russian context has weakened in comparison with their artistic ingenuity and innovation. Since the early 20th century the Russian Futurist and Constructivist movements were inspirations for the deconstructivist architects using their creative architectures and graphics. Architects, deconstructivist, Zaha Hadid and many others were influenced by this idea of using graphics and geometrical forms from artist and creators like Kazimir Malevich, El Lissitzky, and those who were part of this movement. Deconstructivism and Constructivism has been associated creating abstract art sculptures with tectonic structures. As the fundamental artistic element, both were linked with this radical plainness of using geometrical objects, articulated in all related forms of graphics, architecture and sculptures. The concentration of Constructivist towards purism is because when the missing element of Deconstructivism, the situation of an object or figure is usually disfigured when construction buildings is deconstructed. *The general graphic patterns of constructivism were usually drafted and share the similar nature with technical and engineering drawings. Zaha Hadid is not theorist. In the early 1980s, people like Bernard Tschumi, Peter Eisenman, Daniel Libeskind are passionate architects, graduated from architecture schools and they are the contemporaries of deconstructivism. She has no intention to justify her forms, although she always referred the similarities of Marxian Soviet avant-garde. Daniel Libeskind gave a talk at the TED conference 2009 in America; his talk was entitled 17 words of architecture inspirations.Buildings are an important form of expression in society, and we should attempt to make them as exceptional as we can, whenever we can. Through his speech, he was stressing the words optimism, political, expression, inexplicable, emotional, hand, real, raw, communicative and democratic is about human beings. He believed architecture should be like people on an intense human level, rather than ideological or contextual level. Whether his architecture achieves that goal is another debate. Likewise, the use of words like radical, risky, complex, unexpected and space, explaining the possibilities to explore deep space rather than explaining what we have here on earth. This idea to assume architecture has similar forms like human beings or a living creature. Daniel Libeskind works as an architect, architectural theorist, a professor and a deconstructivist for many years; when he was 52 year old, his very first building was completed; the Felix Nussbaum Haus opened in the year1998. As a result, critics had rejected his impractical creations as impossible to build or excessively bold. His first design competition that he won was a typical housing project in West Berlin, the year1987, but the housing project was immediately canceled right after the fall of the Berlin Wall. In the early 1990s, he entered several design competitions and winning projects of the first four. The Jewish Museum Berlin, completed in 1999, was Daniel Libeskinds first foreign achievement and it was the first designers building constructed since after the reunification. Most critics labeled his crafts are forms of deconstructivism. Like many great buildings in our time, his designs puzzle the expectations about the city and the characteristic of its furnishings. He is an abstract architect and from his talk as a supernatural-being trying to persuade the public about his ideas. Thus, the more tortured and alienating it is, the better the building. As city after city bends over for these actions, the architect takes on his ego. Daniel Libeskind defying all logic, in one incident he persuaded museum of Palestine to waste hundreds of millions of American dollars on buildings that hardly function, that leaks continuously and hated by the public. It is sad that, he was using the philistine reaction of people who doesnt know as much as he does. His undercut and belittle attitude comes across in every single part of his talk. This could be his confidence and his inner self believing that this rule of deconstructivism which is also the core concept, against every single rule of todays architecture. Since the late 1980s deconstructivism developments were part of this post-modern architecture. The concepts were referring to fragmentations, an interest of influence ideas using structures surface or skin, shapes which use the purpose to deform and disrupt various building blocks of architecture, for instance constructions and bends. The complete visual of buildings that exhibit has that development styles of deconstructivist, depicting the inspiration of controlled disorder within its unpredictability nature. The history of the deconstructivist movement started in the year 1982, from the architectural design competition of Parc de la Villette, the winning entry goes to Peter Eisenman, Bernard Tschumi and Jacques Derrida at that time. In the year of 1988 Deconstructivist Architecture made its first appearance, held an exhibition in New York at the Museum of Modern Arts and the following year of 1989, the Wexner Center building for the Arts was opened in Columbus and the building was originally designed by architect Peter Eisenman. The exhibition in New York displayed works from Frank Gehry, Daniel Libeskind, Rem Koolhaas, Zaha Hadid and others. Ever since the exhibition was held, some of the known architects who were involved with this Deconstructivism avoided themselves from this union. Some of the architects known as Deconstructivists were greatly influenced by Jacques Derridas ideas, the philosopher from Franc

Attitudes toward Victorian Society in Great Expectations by Charles Dic

Great Expectations Explore some of the ways in which Dickens’ attitudes to Victorian society are presented in the opening chapter of Great Expectations. For this essay I will be focusing on the opening chapters of Great Expectations, a novel written by Charles Dickens. I am going to consider the Victorian society at the time and dickens’ use of language to express themes, settings and characters. Charles Dickens wrote this story in the Victorian times. Hence we seem to think what ‘does he mean’ by â€Å"Great Expectations†. By us the readers, knowing and understanding what it means, we can get a rough idea of what the story is like. By Great Expectations we mean having high expectations for life, class and dreams for a better life. Dreams that a person really wants for it to come true. Hoping or expecting more than you have. This lays quite an effect on the reader, this is because the title â€Å"Great Expectations† doest say much. The title itself can give ideas to us the readers as to what the story will be like. For example they can suppose that the story is about someone’s great expectations in life, of a job, of a person and even of himself or herself. This story was set in the Victorian times, which was actually in the mid 1800’s and Charles Dickens wrote it in the 1860’s. So life back then is very different as to how it is now. If we compare today to the Victorian era, we see people lived very different lives in many different ways. A few had access to educations, some didn’t. Some were able to get a good high standard job and some didn’t. At the time of Charles Dickens a lot of the people were poor, many suffered from poor health and had to work all day late into the night. The few that were rich thought they were better ... ...rown with nettles’, this tell us what the area is like and creates feelings in the reader. This also gives the impression that the atmosphere is dull, depressing, empty and hopeless. This makes the reader feel that there is no hope for Pip. In conclusion I think Dickens has used language, setting and the theme of death etc in a very effective way. Dickens shows us the different ways of using language to introduce many themes and settings. He does this using different technique as he skilfully catches the reader’s attention in just through the first pages! He involves the reader so quickly that they just keep on reading. This makes the readers feel it is important to know what happens next. However I myself and many many other readers will find that Dickens does keep his readers interested all the way through the story and it shows how good he is at it.

Project Management and Enterprise Information Architecture Essay

Enterprise architecture provides a framework for the business to add new applications, infrastructure, and systems for managing the lifecycle and the value of the current and future environments. Enterprise architecture provides the alignment across business strategy, IT strategy, and IT implementation. Enterprise architecture links the enterprise business strategy to its IT investments by ensuring a tight integration between the Business, Application, Information, and Infrastructure architecture layers. Each of these areas describes integrated sets of blocks should be selected so that the enterprise can achieve its overall business objectives. They also need to be made available so that projects can use them in the design, development and deployment of IT-base business systems. Enterprise Strategy Layer For most institutions, strategic planning and the efficient execution of related IT projects are hampered by lack of enterprise-wide views of the current business and IT landscape and it is difficult to establish a flexible, adaptable, and business-driven IT strategy. Therefore, this layer predominately describes an enterprise strategy concerning product portfolio and appropriate customer segments, appropriate delivery and distribution channels in the given market environment, competitors and core competencies, and capabilities of the company. Business Layer Developing an Enterprise Architecture involves providing the process and integrated tools to capture the as-is state of the organization—the business and IT ecosystem—and the desired, to-be state. Enterprise Architecture facilitates the creation of enterprise blueprints that show how business processes are now and how they can be implemented, exploiting the full range of capability of underlying IT architectural building blocks. Application Layer The proliferation of applications, systems and the platforms and their interdependencies make the process of adding and enhancing IT capabilities a risky proposition for the business unless there is an Enterprise Architecture Strategy. The Applications Layer supports the business and describes the required business functions in the underlying IT application systems. Information layer Information is the fuel that drives business artifacts; their flow generates value to the user. To transform raw data into meaningful information that provides additional insight and value to the business is one of the key objectives of the Enterprise Architecture. Infrastructure layer  The infrastructure layer consists of the network, server and storage infrastructure supporting higher-level functions such as applications, databases or e-mail servers. Due to cost pressure, business stakeholders demand more flexibility and agility also from this layer leading to higher degrees of virtualization and systems consuming less energy, reducing electricity costs. To summarize, Enterprise Architecture gives the business and IT stakeholders the big-picture perspective across business processes, information systems and technologies. Applying Enterprise architecture improves the predictability and consistency of project outcomes across the portfolio. Consistently repeatable and thus predictable project success is of utmost importance to achieve an orderly change required for driving effective and lasting transformations such as SOA initiatives while managing associated, inherent risks. Conceptual Approach to EAI Reference Architecture Information architecture The information architecture helps develop the information-centric, echnically compatible systems by providing a consistent approach to information technology across a Line of Business (LOB) or a larger organization. The information architecture provides the foundational information-relevant concepts and frameworks for dealing in a consistent and integrated manner with the technology to guarantee the responsiveness and trusted information insight that the business requires from its Information Layer. The information Architecture identifies the information centric components of an organization’s IT environment and defines its relationship to the organization’s objectives. The information architecture also describes the principles and guidelines that enable consistent implementation of information technology solutions, how data and information are both governed and shared across the enterprise, and what needs to be done to gain business-relevant trusted information insight. Following are some examples of the core principles that guide an Information Architecture. * Access and exchange of information- Information services should provide unconstrained access to the right users at the right time. * Service re-use- Facilitate discovery, selection and re-use of services and whenever possible encourage the use of uniform interfaces. * Information governance- Adequate information technology should support the efficient execution of an Information Governance Strategy. Standards- A set of coherent standards for data and technology should be defined to promote simplifications across the Information Infrastructure. Enterprise Information Architecture The Enterprise Information Architecture is the framework that defines the information-centric principles, architecture models, standards, and processes that form the basis of making information technology decisions across the enterprise. The EIA translates the business requirements into informational strategies and defines what data components are needed by whom and when in the information supply chain. Furthermore, it addresses the need of the business to generate and maintain trusted information that is delivered by relevant data components. So why do we distinguish between an Information Architecture and an Enterprise Information Architecture? The enterprise in the definition adds the enterprise-wide business context to the definition of Information Architecture. The challenges faces by most organizations, from government to public enterprises, depend upon consistent decision making across multiple business units, departments, and individual projects. The EIA is a core component of the required framework for effective decision making by defining the guiding principles that dictate the organizations strategy to address business needs and the information centric technology infrastructure that supports them. The EIA defines the technical capabilities and processes the organization needs to manage data and information over its lifetime, optimize content-based operational and compliance processes, establish, govern and deliver trusted information, and optimize business performance. By aligning business needs with the technology and the information flows in the supply chain, EIA delivers flexibility agility and responsiveness to the business process and the organization as a whole. The primary goal of the EIA is to reduce complexity and thereby contribute to the elimination of all the factors that act as the inhibitors to change and address new business paradigms. Primary characteristics that can be used to distinguish a well-defined EIA implementation include the following: Gaining transparency- The information remains independent from application specifications, application implementations, and user interfaces. It provides a transparency layer between the information and application domains. * Considering enterprise business requirements- The architecture takes into account the overall information needs of the enterprise and specific LOBs or individual organizations. * Avoiding inconsistencies. It helps identify inconsistencies, conflicts, overlaps, and gaps in the data and information, and offers a concept, framework and methods to resolve this, and it is useful to select adequate solutions. Managing Service Level Agreements (SLA): It provides mechanisms for the definition and management of information-centric SLAs which can be monitored and enforced. * Enable decision making- The architecture enables more consistent and efficient IT decision making that is linked to business needs. It does this because it is both flexible and extensible. * Addressing reusability aspects. Enforcing and EIA means that information assets are shared and reused, avoiding data multiplication and thus reducing development, service, and support costs. * Addressing data scope.  The information Reference Model used by the enterprise describes the scope of the used data information supported by the EIA. * Defining a technology strategy. It establishes the framework upon which strategies adopted by the enterprise depend. In addition, it defines the set of principles that guide how an organization’s information systems and technology infrastructure are engineered. Reference Architecture The reference architecture provides a proven template for architecture for a particular domain or area of application that contains the supporting artifacts to enable their use. The Reference Architecture incorporates best practices resulting from work on a particular field and it also provides a common vocabulary to enable a common understanding while facilitating discussions around implementations. A reference architecture encapsulates at an abstract level the results and best practices derived from multiple deployments of solutions to a given business problem. They enable the logical sequence of tasks required to build a complete system. Reference Architectures provide a common format that facilitates the design and deployment of solutions repeatedly in a consistent manner. This, they are a valuable tool for IT Architects to help identify and assess gaps and reduce risks in the solution deployment cycle. Based on the requirements in a given area of an application, there are certain components shared between systems in the same area. The Reference Architecture identifies these components and indicates how they interconnect. The following are some key Reference Architecture characteristics. * Major foundational components or building blocks- They help to describe an end-to-end architecture solution. Common language- It simplifies communication when talking about systems of a given type. * Framework- The Reference Architecture is a framework for scope identification, roadmap definition, risk assessment, and gap assessment. * Foundation. It is a proven foundation for all solution designs in a domain (e. g. e-business solutions) The Reference Architecture leverages ideas from successful past implementations and lessons learned from troubled or failed projects and concentrates on simplifications, reuse, and usability, avoiding the complex details of the specific technology. It has the potential to evolve over time, meaning that after it has been constructed it requires maintenance with harvesting of best practices from projects as they are completed, including changes or additions to the Reference Architecture to handle situations that were not addressed. Within the wider solution architecture and deployment scope, there are significant advantages to using Reference Architectures. Following are few examples.

Research Paper Introduction about Facebook

Research Paper Introduction about Facebook Research Paper Introduction about Facebook A human being is a social creature. Thats why communication is an absolute necessity for people. While there are several traditional channels of communication, new ones appear which has an impact on how people communicate. One of such things is a dawn of social networks. It was not Facebook that was the first social network, but it wasnt until Facebook was launched that social networks gained worldwide popularity. Since its launch in 2004 Facebook has attracted more and more users with every passing year. What was the reason for its success? First of all, it gave us a new understanding of communication via the internet. People has now become closer to each other, having an opportunity to keep in touch no matter how far they are from each other. This has made Facebook one of the symbols of globalization. Not only does it give people an opportunity to communicate, it has also become an independent source of information which people can share independently, if compared to other mass media. Our research paper has to find the answers to several questions concerning Facebook that affect its users. The first one is how exactly does it change the way people communicate. We are interested in whether communicating online can change the way people communicate in real life, and which one people prefer. Another issue is how communication online changes peoples behavior compared to real-life communication. We are going to have a closer look at recent incidence of Internet bullying in social network and try to find out whether services like Facebook give such people more opportunity to express their anger and behave in an aggressive manner. Another important issue that has to be mentioned is privacy. We have to define whether it is unethical for websites like Facebook to use our private information for their own purposes, for example for customizing advertisement according to particular users preferences. Another side of a problem is whether it is ethical to use fake accounts with information that does not correspond to the reality. Our goal is to make people more aware of such issues since they often do not read terms and conditions while signing up which can later lead to misunderstanding. Talking about opportunities that Facebook offers its users, we cannot but mention how people can use this social network to promote their own business. The increasing popularity of social media has led to a new branch of Internet marketing – SMM (social media marketing). Facebook users also have an opportunity to create and join various communities which has an impact on life in a society. For example, such communities allow people to discuss urgent questions that are connected with their life in a society. This makes it easier for community-based organizations to function and makes cooperation of its members more effective. Some Tips on Writing a Research Paper Introduction One of the easiest ways of writing a research paper introduction about Facebook is writing it after you have finished the whole paper. The reason is that an introduction needs a thesis statement, which is basically a summary of the work put into one or two sentences. Therefore, you need to develop you research starting out from your thesis statement. Or, you can compile your thesis statement, based on your research, which is a lot easier. It is like having all of the aces already up your sleeve.  Also, dont forget that you can ask for help. There is always somebody who can show you a good example or point to your errors. At writing service you can get a custom research paper about  Facebook written by experienced academic writers. All you need is to order your paper at our website!

Health Care

Health Care Free Online Research Papers National health care would be a horrible plan for the Unites States right now. There isnt a single government agency or division that runs efficiently. Americans don’t really want an organization that developed the U.S. Tax Code handling something as complex as health care. Free health care isnt really free since we must pay for it with taxes; expenses for health care would have to be paid for with higher taxes or spending cuts in other areas such as defense and education. Profit motives, competition, and individual cleverness have always led to greater cost control and effectiveness. Government controlled health care would lead to a decrease in patient flexibility. Patients arent likely to control their drug costs and doctor visits if health care is free. Total costs will be several times what they are now. Nonprofit and government-run hospitals provide services to those who dont have insurance, and it is illegal to refuse emergency medical service because of a lack of insurance. Malpractice lawsuit costs, which are already could further explode since universal care may expose the government to legal liability, and the possibility to sue someone with deep pockets usually invites more lawsuits. Patients may be subjected to extremely long waits for treatment. Universal health care should be effect in America. The number of uninsured citizens has grown to over 45 million and Health care has become more and more unaffordable for businesses and individuals. We can eliminate wasteful inefficiencies such as photocopy paper work, claim approval, insurance submission. We can develop a central national database which makes diagnosis and treatment easier for doctors. Medical professionals can focus on healing the patient rather than on insurance procedures and malpractice liability. Free medical services would encourage patients to practice defensive medicine and request about problems early when treatment will be light; currently, patients often avoid physicals and other protective measures because of the costs. Patients with pre-existing conditions can still get health coverage. I think National Health care should develop in the United Sates. Most of these people are doing their best in low paying jobs and they are being penalized for not being on welfare, were they would get health care. Though the number of uninsured is large, the cost of providing them comprehensive care is small, because the sickest already receive expensive hospital care when their lives are threatened. Big companies are already subsidizing those without health care by being forced to pay extra on prescriptions and hospital cost. If this load was shared, our corporations could be more competitive with the rest of the world. There are huge companies who make billions off the current system and are contributing millions to politicians to make sure we dont end up with Nation Health Care. National health insurance is paid for with taxes that replace premiums. Universal health care will increase a person’s life expectancy and save lives. Research Papers on Health CareThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Fifth HorsemanArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Marketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceQuebec and CanadaLifes What IfsGenetic Engineering

The Role of Utmost Good Faith in Insurance Law Case Study

The Role of Utmost Good Faith in Insurance Law - Case Study Example This difference in approaches to contracts in the US and the UK will illustrate how the UK will uphold claims even if questionable on the strict guidelines of the contract and material fact; whereas the US relies more on the concept of good faith and how this applies to the material fact. The basis of Hansen Bancorp Inc et al v US is that the Court of Federal Claims had erred in its judgment and the breach of contract by the US government was total therefore the appellants of the Hanson Company were entitled to restitution on all counts. This decision stems from the question whether there has been a total breach of contract if there has been a total breach of contract restitution is available. The court decided there was a total breach because the US government had come to a contract and Hanson had committed its resources to fulfill its duties; however, the US government had failed to complete its obligations, therefore, fulfilling the criteria of a total breach of contractual obliga tion. This decision is primarily an exercise in the power of the contract and its adherence, which cannot be avoided even if the breaching party is the government. The case of Hansen Bancorp heavily relies on the adherence of the contract and contract law; whereby once the parties started to act on the contract then it is only fair that the other party follows through with their contractual obligations. This case does not fudge along the lines of what may not constitute the total breach of the contract.... judgement and the breach of contract by the US government was total therefore the appellants of the Hanson Company were entitled to restitution on all counts. This decision stems around the question whether there has been a total breach of contract, if there has been a total breach of contract restitution is available; however without total breach this remedy is not available. The court decided there was a total breach because the US government had come to a contract and Hanson had committed its resources by fulfilling its duties; however the US government had failed to complete its obligations therefore fulfilling the criteria of a total breach of contractual obligation. This decision is primarily an exercise in the power of the contract and its adherence, which cannot be avoided even if the breaching party is the government. The case of Hansen Bancorp heavily relies on the adherence of the contract and contract law; whereby once the parties started to act on the contract then it is only fair that the other party follows through with their contractual obligations. This case does not fudge along the lines of what may not constitute total breach of the contract. Rather the courts take a very logical and straightforward approach considering each part of the dealing to ensure that a total breach has occurred. The court identifies that a breach is an act or failure to act that impedes the fulfillment of the contract by one of the parties, where the other party has fulfilled their obligations or all the obligations they are able to prior to action by the other party. This approach ensures that the original contract is the most important factor in determining a breach and if the actions of a party are obviously impeding the contract then there is a breach of contract, i.e.

Globalization And Fashion Merchandising Assignment

Globalization And Fashion Merchandising - Assignment Example Globalization is easy for some parts and very hectic for others, simply because of the gaps in the different economies, levels of technology and other factors such as state regulations. All the same, Globalization in fashion is an aspect that most states advocate for as a catalyst for their economy especially because the media has made everything easier. Every section of the media has information on fashion from music videos to the internet; most of them apply as marketing strategies and source of knowledge on fashion trends and the international market, at large. StrengthsGlobalization has made it easier for everyone in the fashion business especially in terms of accessing material and other necessities that were initially hard to find. For instance, textile producers import products at fair prices because it is a market with augmented attention from different dominant states on a global scale. Apparel firms have branches in multiple countries creating job opportunities and getting readily available labor at reasonable payments; obviously, with such connections and relationships, transnational companies continue to develop at an impressive pace. Retailers also benefit for globalization in unimaginable ways; for instance, they initially visited foreign countries in search of materials giving them knowledge on fashion to a point that they are able to predict trends. In leading states, most retailers multitask and have private labels that give them an economic advantage on local and international levels.