World Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

World Literature - Essay Example In real life, there are a lot of wicked individuals who seem to never get punished but escape penalties so often. On the other hand, many good people also suffer from the hardships of life. For instance, a non-smoker who suffers from lung cancer might compare him/herself to a smoker who never gets to visit a doctor. There are criminals who get off their cases and innocent individuals placed in jail just because they were at the wrong place at the wrong time. Of course, there is the afterlife that they consider to be inescapable but one can never get the doubt of his mind about the things he sees much less put a strong hope in things unseen. Hebrew Scriptures It is amazing to note centuries old scrolls to have been preserved and have survived through these years, at least in content, if not all the original scripts exist. The book of Deuteronomy is a part of the Torah or Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible. As there is no way but to speculate on who wrote it, the facts about primary actors like Moses, Aaron and Miriam have not been omitted so that the contents of which become more important than who the author is.

Judicial Precedent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Judicial Precedent - Essay Example It has also helped in the development of the English law, however original precedent are those that apply new rule in decision making. Despite the importance of judicial precedent higher courts can have an effect on it and this occurs when the following occurs: This happen when a court rejects decisions of an earlier case on the bases that there were no sufficient facts to support the decision, in this case therefore judicial precedent is affected. Example is the Balfour V Balfour (1991) case. Binding precedent is that precedent that must be followed, in this type of precedent lower courts must follow and honor decision made by higher courts. This type of precedent is also referred to as mandatory precedent. Example Young V Bristol (1944) case Persuasive precedent is that precedent that is not mandatory but helps in decision making, it is also known as advisory precedent because it helps in decision making; therefore decision will rely on other parallel court decisions example military courts. Example R v Gott (1992) case ant the R v Howe (1987) case Customs can also be viewed a form of precedent whereby decision by a court will be influenced by customs held by a society, these customs are referred to as precedents only is they have been tradition held by a community for a long time. Certainty is presen Advantage and disadvantage of judicial precedent: Advantages: Certainty: Certainty is present in law whereby decision are made in particular way, in the case where the cases were not based on precedent then there would be the occurrence of uncertainty whereby citizen would not clearly know their rights. Growth: Precedent allows the adoption of law and the development of new laws, relying on previous decisions is a clear indication of adoption of new laws into the system making it possible for growth and development in law. Consistent decision: Due to the fact that decisions are based on previous decisions then there is a high possibility of consistence in judgment and decision making, similar cases with similar fact and issues will receive almost similar decisions. Disadvantages: Rigidity: It has a disadvantage in that it is characterized by rigidity, this occurs when binding decision are made even if the decisions are thought to be wrong, the decisions are made with reference to past decision instead of distinguishing them. Slow growth: Judicial precedent may also lead to slow growth and development of law, this is because judges will make decisions on cases depending on previous decisions despite the need to make adjustments in the law system.

Grover Cleveland Essay Example for Free

Grover Cleveland Essay What two issues dominated national politics in the 1870s and 1880s? The money supply and civil-service reform What happened to James Garfields presidency? It never really got started because he was assassinated soon after coming to office. Describe voter participation during the late nineteenth century. It was generally very high––usually from 80 percent up to 95 percent. Why did the federal government tend to ignore the social consequences of industrialization during the late nineteenth century? Most American leaders, regardless of party, believed in the laissez-faire doctrine and did not support a large governmental role in the economy. Where was the Democratic Party strongest in the late nineteenth century? The South What is the Bankers: position on the money supply? limit, because it would create economic stability What did the civil-service reformers of the late 1870s and early 1880s want? a civil service staffed by gentlemen who needed nothing and wanted nothing from government except the satisfaction of using their talents. What were goals of the Greenback party? What is the tariff policy of the administration of Benjamin Harrison? A record-high tariff What did the Pendleton Act do? It initiated civil-service reform. Describe the 1884 presidential campaign. Mugwumps bolted from the Republican Party. Cleveland admitted he had fathered an illegitimate child. A clergyman denounced Democrats as the party of â€Å"rum, Romanism, and rebellion.† The Republicans nominated a candidate who â€Å"wallowed in spoils like a rhinoceros in an African pool.† What impact did the McKinley tariff have on tariff rates? It raised tariffs to the highest levels in American history up until that time. What was the Grange? AKA the Patrons of Husbandry It was an organization of farmers that provided social, political and economic support and community What was the main importance of the governments establishment of the Interstate Commerce Commission? It ended the ability of states to regulate railroads within their boundaries. What was the initial commitment of the farmers alliance movement. The movement initially advocated farmers cooperatives and eventually turned to politics. What did Southern Alliance leader Charles Macune argue? Farmers should be able to store crops in government warehouses and then borrow against those crops until prices rose. During the late nineteenth century, what was the relationship between the southern agrarian protest movement and southern attitudes toward blacks? Some Populists wanted to build an interracial movement and tried to defend the rights of blacks. Most southern Populists were anti-black but some Populists denounced lynchings and the convict-lease system. The white elite tried to inflame agrarian racism and stimulate urban black sentiment against agrarian radicalism. What were the goals of the Populist party? It wanted the government to nationalize the railroads. It wanted an increased money supply. It wanted to elect U.S. senators directly. It wanted to enact a graduated income tax. What tools did southern states use to disenfranchise blacks after Reconstruction? literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses, property requirements In late-nineteenth-century cases dealing with the rights of blacks, what did the Supreme Court decide? What did the Supreme Court argue in Plessy v. Ferguson? Racial segregation was constitutional as long as each race had equal facilities. What did the separate but equal doctrine mean? As long as facilities were equivalent, they did not have to be integrated. What did Booker T. Washington argue? That black Americans should work hard, develop personally, and refrain from open rebellion How were blacks treated in the North during the late nineteenth century? Public opinion sanctioned widespread de facto discrimination. In the 1892 election, what happened to the Populist party? It received over 1 million votes across the nation. Why did confidence in the gold standard had weakened in the early 1890s? The flow of gold out of the country The inflationary policies of the Democrats A decline in revenue brought about by the high tariff The collapse of a leading London investment bank What event triggered the Panic of 1893? The collapse of a railroad stocks and bonds. Why was the 1892 election significant to U.S. history? The Populist party showed it was a potential threat to the Republican and Democratic parties. Why did Grover Cleveland propose a reduction of the tariff rates? The tariff was feeding a large and growing federal budget surplus. What did Coxeys army want? A $500 million public-works program funded with paper money What did the Wilson-Gorman tariff do? It lowered some duties and made many concessions to protectionists. It became law without the presidents signature. It included a tax on income. What was the main issue in the 1896 presidential election? Free silver Who became famous for the â€Å"Cross of Gold† speech in the 1896 presidential election? William Jennings Bryan In the 1896 election, which area was a center of William McKinleys political support? Urban areas Why is the Currency Act of 1900 significant? It committed the United States to the gold standard. In the 1880s and 1890s, why did many Americans argue that the United States should take a more expansionist role in the world? for the United States to be a great nation, it had to have an empire. American economic health depended on finding overseas markets for American products. Americans had a mission to bring Christianity and civilization to the worlds weaker races. a great nation had to have a great navy, and a great navy needed bases abroad. How did Josiah Strong influence American imperialism at the end of the 19th century? asserted that the United States had a moral responsibility to civilize other races. What were the reasons for the strengthening of American ties to Hawaii in the late nineteenth century? Both missionary activity and naval activity sugar plantation expansion and the election of William McKinley. Who wrote The Influence of Sea Power on History? Alfred Thayer Mahan Where did the United States and Germany almost have a naval clash in the late 19th century? Panama What did the the Teller amendment assert? The U.S. Congress had no desire for control of Cuba. How did William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer change the newspaper industry? They competed for readers by writing sensationalized stories that captured the readers attention. How did the United States deal with Cuba after the Spanish-American War? It kept American troops in Cuba for a number of years. It improved public health, education, and sanitation on the island. It asserted the right to intervene in Cuba when it was necessary. It established a permanent naval base on the island at Guantanamo Bay. Who were the American expansionists in the late nineteenth century? John Hay, Alfred T. Mahan, Henry Cabot Lodge What happened in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War? Filipino resistance fighters fought a protracted and bloody guerrilla war against United States rule. Which of the following was ceded to the United States by Spain as a result of the Spanish-American War? Guam

Formal Authority

Formal Authority INTRODUCTION Authority is a defining feature of hierarchy. Authority in management is the formal or legitimate authority specified in a charter that gives a project manager the authority to act in the name of the sponsoring executive or on behalf of the organization. There are various types of authority according to different people. But they all seem to have a fundamental flaw that is they are unable to clearly distinguish between formal, informal authority and leadership. Formal authority is the authority provided by an organization or the law to an individual enabling him to carry out certain actions in accordance with his own will and without the need to consult others. Informal authority is the authority that the manager holds over his subordinates due to certain qualities that the subordinates value in him. A manager with good leadership skills has more informal authority as opposed to people with less leadership skills. It is a common perception that most organisations give formal authorit y to managers to direct and control the activities of their subordinates but this is not always true it depends on various other factors as well. One of the major factors that affect the type of authority given to managers is size of the organization usually smaller organizations have a system of authority whereas large organizations have a formal system of authority. FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY Functional authority is authority delegated to an individual or department over specific activities undertaken by personnel in other departments. Staff managers may have functional authority, meaning that they can issue orders down the chain of command within the very narrow limits of their authority. For example, supervisors in a manufacturing plant may find that their immediate bosses have line authority over them, but that someone in corporate headquarters may also have line authority over some of their activities or decisions. Organizations create positions of functional authority to break the unity of command principle by having individuals report to two bosses. Functional authority allows specialization of skills and improved coordination. This concept was originally suggested by Frederick Taylor. He separated â€Å"planning†from â€Å"doing†by establishing a special department to relieve the labourer and the foreman from the work of planning. The role of the foreman became one of making sure that planned operations were carried out. The major problem of functional authority is overlapping relationships, which can be resolved by clearly designating to individuals which activities their immediate bosses have authority over and which activities are under the direction of someone else. THEORIES Fayol (1949) defined authority as the right to give orders and the power to extract obedience. He emphasised the importance of linking authority to responsibility, which together required increasing judgement and morality at senior levels. He justified higher pay for commercial managers in comparison with senior civil servants since, in his view, the latter exercised authority without responsibility. In general, he concluded that responsibility is feared as much as authority is sought after, and fear of responsibility paralyses much initiative and destroys many good qualities. FORMAL AUTHORITY IN A BANK Union National Bank in Abu Dhabi is an organization that exercises formal authority. As a manager in the bank i was provided with formal authority over a group of six employees and we were a part of the internal customer satisfaction survey department. One of the main reasons the bank believes in providing formal authority is so as to not concern people at higher positions with unimportant tasks. Another important aspect of formal authority is it reduces conflict among people in higher positions if still unable to completely remove it. The reason that there may still be conflicts is that though formal authority empowers managers to a certain degree the managers boss still has a say in the managers decision should he choose to. OVERVIEW OF UNION NATIONAL BANK Established as a Public Joint Stock Company in 1982, they are one of the leading domestic banks in the United Arab Emirates and are headquartered in Abu Dhabi. They offer a variety of products and services, addressing needs ranging from basic requirements of individuals to the more complex requirements of corporate entities. Electronic delivery channels, ably supported by an extensive network of Banking Centres spread across the emirates, offer greater banking convenience to their customers. They are the only bank that is jointly owned by the Governments of Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Their Chairman, H. H. Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan, Minister of Education and Scientific Research, is well supported by their Board of Directorsthat consists of eminent business personalities and their Senior Managementteam which is made up of experienced professionals. Their Vision and Missionis clearly defined and their business strategy is well understood by all staff across the bank. Union Brokerage Company (UBC), one of the oldest brokerage firms in UAE is a subsidiary of UNB. Besides being a leading player in the Brokerage industry, it was among the first national companies to deal in the brokerage field in the country. Besides its head office in Khalidiya, Abu Dhabi, it has a well diversified branch network with 6 other branches at ADX, DFM, Al Ain, Al Dhafra, Fujairah and Gold Diamond Park, Dubai. The Al Wifaq Finance Company, a subsidiary of UNB has been established with the purpose of offering Sharia compliant financial, commercial and investing services to both organizations and individuals in compliance with the rules and principals of the Islamic Law As partof the Banks vision, to be â€Å"a key player in the region†, UNB has now a presence in the Egyptian banking sector through itssuccessful acquisition of the Alexandria Commercial and Maritime Bank. UNB is also reviewing other geographic locations for a presence or strategic alliances that will add to shareholder value. PERSONAL EXPERIENCES ON FORMAL AUTHORITY Though formal authority is considered to be authority provided by the organization or superior to an individual it is more often implied than anything else. When employees had issues with anything to do with the customer satisfaction department i had the authority to decide what was to be done. This greatly reduced the time taken for certain tasks to be done. As i had the authority to take decisions on issues such as upgrading of equipment or changes in software and other issues i did not have to elevate it to my boss. This helped also as i could take a better decision as i had more interaction with employees and knew their needs. If these problems had to be elevated to the higher management these issues could have taken a much longer time frame to get resolved. Also managers at the upper levels especially while working in large organizations that have branches at various parts of a country or the world are unable to clearly see the needs of each branch. Providing formal authority en ables a more personalized approach between employees and the organization. Also individual employee needs are better recognized by their immediate managers rather than managers at the top. At the same time there were certain issues that i faced as when i decided to implement a change in the questionnaire on the request of several employees i found that the management wanted to stick to the older pattern. This shows that formal authority is not always clearly outlined in an organization. Managers are unencumbered by management theory and standards established by others. Effective managers want to be in charge; they also possess an intrinsic desire to achieve substantial personal recognition and to earn that recognition based on their own merits. They never abuse power; they know that the corrupt use of power creates a vile corporate poison that can quickly spread throughout an entire organization and paralyze it. They thus practise humility and refrain from using their position to intimidate others. They can define and manage each situation or person with an appropriate leadership style. Example-they tend to treat their vice-presidents and line workers with the same level of respect, but through different approaches. Authority is the defining feature of hierarchy. The boss can restrict the subordinates actions, overturn his decisions, and even fire him (unless the bosss boss objects, in which case the boss herself may be fired). Tracing this chain of authority up the hierarchy, we eventually reach a person (sole proprietor) or group (shareholders) who can be thought of as owning all the decision rights in the organization. In short, formal authority resides at the top. Leading is one of principal managerial functions. Managers are suppose to be formal leaders because they have the authority to influence their subordinates and are expected to use it. They are officially responsible for outcome of their group. However, in an organization, not all managers are leaders, whether they have direct reports or not. In certain cases job description might demand strong leadership, on other hand leadership might not be major factor. However, in todays competitive world, most of the managerial jobs demand leadership qualities, inter personal and inter group interaction and a manager has to manage different type of responsibilities and roles. A leader influences other member of groups, leads group, and directs members towards its goals. A leader influences s ubordinates level of motivation, their performance and quality of their decisions. DISADVANTAGES OF FORMAL AUTHORITY Authority is a wily beast. In general it means that people will abide by your decisions. They will do what you want them to do. no manager can be effective with merely formal authority. True power comes from the trusting relationships that one forges with the people around him. He does this by being genuinely interested, and helpful. He commands attention by making lucid, compelling points, and acting decisively and transparently. Formal authority will not inspire people to do their best work with a happy heart. The best one can hope for with merely formal authority is grudging or indifferent acquiescence. We can easily become enamored with the â€Å"power of our positions.† Having people do what we tell them to do when we tell them to do it can have an intoxicating effect. Under such circumstances, too often our senses become dulled and we become oblivious to the dangers of formal authority. When authority â€Å"goes to our heads,† it becomes much too easy to disregard , or overlook entirely, critical input we might otherwise receive from peers, superiors and even clients. CONCLUSION From this essay we can conclude that formal authority is like a two sided coin it has its ups and downs. Also formal authority depends a lot on the situation and the organization. Smaller organizations may find that formal authority does not suit them whereas larger organizations may find that formal authority is better suited for them. At the same time larger organizations that have strict rules on company policies may find that formal authority conflicts their objectives. Every manager is unique thus formal authority may be needed by some managers to perform well whereas managers with strong leadership qualities may be able to perform well even in the absence of formal authority as they naturally have the respect and support of employees. Formal authority can be thought of as the right to command or compel another person to perform a certain act. Power is the ability to influence or cause a person to perform an act. It is possible for a manager to have formal authority without powe r, just as it is possible for a subordinate to have power without formal authority. The distinction between these terms may be significant for the manager, who may assume that his formal authority automatically gives him power but overlook the fact that his subordinates also have power, at times greater than his own. The manager in such a situation can encounter difficult and frustrating experiences without knowing why. The conventional view of leadership, formal and informal, can be seen as a confused mixture of leadership and management. Leadership can be seen as an occasional act rather than an ongoing role, a bit like creativity. On this view there is no such thing as formal leadership. Being in an organizational position of authority over others makes you a manager, not a leader. To be a leader, you need to be able to convince people to willingly follow some new direction. This means that there is formal and informal management but only informal leadership. Most managers show s ome leadership. The conventional view is that executives show leadership in two ways. By using their powers of persuasion, they influence people who report to them to take actions they would not otherwise take. The second way executives show leadership, on this view, is by making decisions that move the organization in new directions. However, we are gradually moving away from this concept of leadership, one based on formal authority. It is becoming increasingly recognized that making such decisions should be considered managerial actions. Managers can only lead by persuading people to act differently, either directly or by example. REFERENCES Baron, David P. and David Besanko: Information, Control, and Organizational Structure, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 1, Summer 1992, 237-76. Barro, Robert J. and Paul M. Romer, 1987, Ski-Lift Pricing with Applications to Labor and Other Markets, American Economic Review, 77, 875-90. Ibarra, Herminia, 1993, Network Centrality, Power, and Innovation Involvement: Determinants of Technical and Administrative Roles, Academy of Management Journal, 36, 471-501. Jensen, Michael C. and William H. Meckling, 1992, Specific and General Knowledge, and Organizational Structure, in Lars Werin and Hans Wijkander eds. Contract Economics, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 251-74. Laffont, Jean-Jacques: Analysis of Hidden Gaming in a Three-Level Hierarchy, Journal of Law, Economic and Organization, 6, Fall 1990, 301-324. Mankiw, N. Gregory, 1985, Small Menu Costs and Large Business Cycles: A Macroeconomic Model of Monopoly, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 100, 529-39. Marschak, Jacob and Roy Radner, 1972, The Economic Theory of Teams, New Haven CT: Yale University Press. Milgrom, Paul and D. John Roberts, 1988, An Economic Approach to Influence Activities in Organizations, American Journal of Sociology, 94 (Supplement), S154-S179. Pfeffer, Jeffrey, 1981, Power in Organizations, Marshfield MA:Pitman.

Getting Learical: Gods, Elements and Amusing (or Heartrending) Self-Con

When Lear is metaphorically stripped of his manhood in Act Two, Scene Four of the play that bears his name, the audience is left to ponder over the quantifiable loss of power which accompanies the man who has been duped out of his kingdom by his daughters. Surely Shakespeare’s use of a specific number of men serves to provide a concrete example of the sad old man’s dwindling power. The scene is almost always staged to portray a pathetic Lear, betrayed by his daughters, bereft of a kingdom and ripped from his one-hundred soldiers – his last possession and sole-signifier of his time as king. However, in a legitimate examination of the text, one can find evidence for a sympathetic reading of the daughters who rip the kingdom from their father and steal away his train. Goneril and Regan stand in the unenviable position of removing freedoms from their father. These freedoms, specifically the rowdy entourage of soldiers, represent a very real danger to Goneril and Rega n. Faced with the possibility of death at the hands of an army commanded by a madman, Goneril and Regan, who so often are maligned, both in performance and in interpretation of the text, act logically and avoid a disastrous situation. Lear, who must audiences align themselves with, in contrast, speaks in contradictories, superlatives and curses, further reinforcing the argument Goneril and Regan put forth for taking away Lear’s army. Before introducing my argument in the text, I wish to acknowledge the varying validities of other stagings or readings of the text. That is, I believe there is significant textual evidence for staging Goneril and Regan in a villainous role. I simply wish to argue that the text supports additional readings. The Goneril and Regan as villains ... ... Lear’s fall from grace. Yet, one must always remember that Lear, and not his daughters, initiated the ceremony of succession. Goneril and Regan exercised no coup. Lear’s loss of manpower is all the more pathetic because Lear is the author of it. Lear set up the fallacious test. Goneril and Regan simply manipulated the test for their own gain. In spite of their dubious motives, the sister’s approached the entourage question in an entirely reasonable manner. It was in fact, â€Å"in good time† (2.4.249) that Lear gave all to his daughters. The play ends tragically. That point cannot be disputed, but one cannot escape the fact that Lear, with extreme hubris, commanded the heavens and the elements to blind his daughters. What kind of tragedy might have transpired had Lear commanded an entire army, capable of hearing and attending to every word, upon his daughters instead?

PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP Auditors? Independence Issues & Violations :: essays research papers fc

SEC Concerned with Changes in the Public Accounting Profession The SEC and the former Chairman Arthur Levitt Jr. were extremely concerned that the public accounting firms were violating the auditors independence rules addressed through the Securities Exchange Acts. Auditing firms now had dual citizenship in public companies: (1) they issued opinions on audited financial statements and (2) they participated in various consulting engagements for those same companies. Levitt's solution was to split auditing and consulting. The former Chairman was concerned that the public would lose confidence in the financial markets †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and the whole system would be jeopardized. Public Accounting Revenues vs. Consulting Revenues by 1999 By 1976, audit fees accounted for approximately 70% of total revenue earned by any accounting firm in general. According to the Public Accounting Report, an Atlanta newsletter, the auditing and assurance services revenues dropped to 30% and tax services business accounted for 19% of the total revenues earned in 1999. Mathematically speaking, this means management consulting services accounted for approximately 51% of the total revenue being earned in 1999 by public accounting firms. Fact: According to The Business Journal's Book of Lists, PwC had $75 million in South Florida billings in 1998 to place third among accounting firms. SEC Auditors’ Independence Rule The independence rules require that auditors refrain from investing in companies that they audit, to ensure objective, truthful reporting and opinion. The rule applies to all auditors, their relatives, spouses, dependents, non-dependents, and, in some cases, associates must disclose all holdings. On the September 25, 2002 issue of BusinessWeekOnline.com, the Accounting Wars Powerful auditor-consultants are the target of Arthur Levitt’s crusade articles defined â€Å"Independence to mean, CPAs cannot audit their own or their partners' work†¦.†¦..clear and honest information is dependent on the CPAs independence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦an auditor must not have any financial stake in the health, or even survival, of a client company.† There are those in the profession that believe this rule is archaic and does not hold any value in today’s financial world. Barry Melancon, President and CEO of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants stated, â€Å"The SEC has a right to expect the profession to adhere to the rules; however, the profession has a right to expect the regulatory environment to remain modern.† Fact: In 1933, when Congress first required public financial reports, lawmakers debated whether audit fees would taint auditors' independence. PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP is a public accounting firm formed through a merger between Coopers & Lybrand LLP and Price Waterhouse LLP, which was consummated on or about July 1, 1998.

Death Penalty Essay

The death penalty is the most inhuman and crucial punishment. Even though it is not applied in every state, the death penalty is a very strong debate and argument within our own government. There are people who support it and those who are against it. The death penalty is a punishment to those who due to their actions and circumstances commit crimes. All people are all equal under the eyes of the law and those people in the end are still humans no matter the crimes they have committed. The death penalty is looked as a violation to the eighth amendment. It is an invalid form of punishment. The risks of inaccurate judgment can change the live of a human within just a few seconds. Taking away another person’s life for committing a crime is like taken an easy way out. The U.S. government should stop using immediately death penalty as a way of punishment because it is unfair, unethical and crucial. Our founding fathers wanted a government that would show the tyrants or absolute monarchs of Europe that it was possible to coexist and live free within fair justice. Even though they excluded any religion to be part of the government regulations, they used Christianity to influence them and built a strong foundation for the new type of government. In a webpage of the history of death penalty they stated that they used the bible and popular teachings to create basic laws and form basic human rights that many religions would forbid death penalty such as; Catholics, Presbyterians, Quakers, Amish’s, and Mennonites. One can easily find a statement teaching that one should not kill, which was used to make a law against murder. No matter what circumstance killing is wrong. So, why are we killing criminals? Aren’t we basically acting against the laws within our own constitution? We are not only killing, but also the government contradicts itself because people have rights in which they are protected. The lives of every individual living on American land should be safe, and if something were to happen to one of us, the government would act with all its power to find justice. But a person’s right to this is denied when they are put to be executed. No one should have the right to determine when a person’s last day in this world should be. Only god can decide when that time should be. But, that does not mean a criminal should not be punished for their action of crimes. By using the death penalty against an individual we are basically using an easy way out to the problem; an escape. If an individual is found guilty then they should do time for their action of crime, but they do not have to relay it on punishing them by killing them. They should be punished by sentencing them to a whole life time of prison. In prison they are guaranteed of no future crimes and at the same time they are being punished for a life time. In an article in antideathpenaly.com they stated that executions cost more than life in prison. It costs $2 million per person. In an article by Dudley Sharp, a death penalty resource director discusses the costs of death penalty and the cost of life without parole. Performing eye for eye; simply get to even in a better or more efficient way is never the solution. Criminals should be isolated from society, making them work and pay for what they did. What is unfair regarding the death penalty is how there can be many innocent people declared as guilty. In situations like these, innocent people should be giving time to prove their innocence instead of preventing them from being killed due to a mistake. Sentencing a criminal to prison for a life time gives time for further investigation to prove a person’s innocence which was researched and said in an article of death penalty in deathpenalty.procon.org. Putting a person to death penalty the government could be killing someone innocent and only because they believe that person is guilty. The law states that every individual is incconent until proven guilty. However, the court does not always follow this law. In some cases people are not given time to prove his/her innocence. Many countries have abolished the death penalty and since the United States has a strong stand for fairness in criminal justice we should join those nations. In our home state, Virginia, it is one of the many states that still believe that killing is the best solution when it comes to solving these kinds of problems. Virginia has executed a total of 94 people since 1976. The most common methods used to perform justice are using gas chambers, lethal injection, and electric chairs. This is how they find their way of solution to get a person’s life over with. In 2000 Earl Washington was on death row in Virginia and was innocent but was not released after serving 16 years of prison. Death penalty is one form of punishment that can never be reversed which makes this unjust. Even though we like to believe that racism does not exist, it still does. History records seem to show that usually African Americans and other minority groups have higher rates when it comes to sentenced people. Death sentencing is not given in a fair manner. It is a very crucial system used against thousands of people. Homicide is illegal; however, what is it when it is performed by the government? If punishing a murder by murdering him/her; are we going to be punished as well? The U.S. government seems to have few flaws; flaws that can be easily fixed. But what happens when it is too late? Innocent until proven guilty is a common thing within our laws and regulations. Death penalty has claimed the lives of many innocent fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, and so on. Many people in situations like these have been sentenced to death because everything seemed would accuse them. In an article by Adam Bedau, the author states that technology and science proofed usage of people’s innocence. In most cases, people are not giving time to prove their innocence. When a person is killed there is no way back. When you realize the mistake, it is too and nothing can be done to reverse it. Therefore, people should realize that dealing with a human’s life; something so precious and valuable, no technology or currency can replace it or manipulate. When violence is committed the judge has the order to either punish a person with a lifetime of prison or sentence them to death penalty. Homicide is a power that no one should have on their hands. If someone acts against another person, there should be another way of solution discarding the act of death penalty. The death penalty is a huge argument in which many people will always have different opinions towards it. People should realize and acknowledge the fact that we are are equal under the eyes of the law and mistakes are always done. The unfairness, cruelty, and unethical behaviors of the death penalty should be taken under major consideration.